Licorice
Licorice
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Licorice
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{{Taxobox| color = lightgreen| name = Liquorice| image = Illustration Glycyrrhiza glabra0.jpg| image_width = 240px| regnum = Plantae]| classis = Magnoliopsida| familia = [Fabaceae| tribus = [Galegeae| species = G. glabra| binomial = Glycyrrhiza glabra| binomial_authority = [Carolus Linnaeus-->
Liquorice or licorice (see American and British English spelling differences) (, or ) is the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra, from which a sweet flavour can be extracted. The liquorice plant is a legume (related to beans and peas) and native to southern Europe and parts of Asia. It is a herbaceous perennial plant, growing to 1 metre in height, with pinnate leaf about 7–15 centimetres (3–6 inches) long, with 9–17 leaflets. The flowers are 0.8–1.2 cm (1/3 to 1/2 inch) long, purple to pale whitish blue, produced in a loose inflorescence. The fruit is an oblong legume, 2–3 centimetres (about 1 inch) long, containing several seeds.Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. ISBN 0-333-47494-5
Cultivation and uses Liquorice is grown as a root crop mainly in southern Europe. Historically, it is also linked with Pontefract in Yorkshire, England, which has an annual liquorice festival. Very little commercial liquorice is grown in North America, where it is replaced by a related native species, American Licorice (G. lepidota), which has similar uses. In northern China, the related Chinese Liquorice (G. uralensis) is cultivated for use in traditional Chinese medicine.
Liquorice grows best in deep, fertile, well-drained soils, with full sun, and is harvested in the autumn two to three years after planting.
Liquorice extract is produced by boiling liquorice root and subsequently evaporating most of the water (in fact, the word 'liquorice' is derived from the Ancient Greek words for 'sweet root'). Liquorice extract is traded both in solid and syrup form. Its active principle is glycyrrhizin, a sweetener more than 50 times as sweet as sucrose which also has pharmaceutical effects. G. uralensis contains this chemical in much greater concentration.
Culinary use Liquorice flavour is found in a wide variety of Licorice candy. The most popular in the United Kingdom are Liquorice allsorts. In continental Europe, however, far stronger, sodium chloride candies are preferred. It should be noted, though, that in most of these candies the taste is reinforced by aniseed oil, and the actual content of liquorice is quite low.
In the Netherlands Liquorice candy is called "Drop", (and it is actually one of the most popular forms of candy) but only a few of the many forms that are sold contain aniseed, although mixing it with mint, menthol or with Bay Laurel is popular, and mixing it with Ammonium chloride creates the very popular Salty liquorice. Dutch website of Wageningen University with English information about "Drop"
Liquorice is also found in some soft drinks (such as root beer), and is in some herbal teas where it provides a sweet aftertaste. The flavor is common in medicines to disguise unpleasant flavors.
Liquorice is popular in Italy, particularly in the South, in its natural form. The root of the plant is simply dug up, washed and chewed as mouth-freshener. Throughout Italy unsweetened liquorice is consumed in the form of small black pieces made only from 100% pure liquorice extract; the taste is bitter and intense. Liquorice is also very popular in Syria where it is sold as a drink. Dried liquorice root can be chewed as a sweet. According to the US Department of Agriculture Food Database, black licorice contains approximately 100 calories per ounce (28g). Licorice Calories
Chinese cuisine uses liquorice as a culinary spice for savoury foods. It is often employed to flavour broths and foods simmered in soy sauce.
Other herbs and spices of similar flavour include Anise, star anise, tarragon, and fennel.
Medicinal use image:Koeh-207.jpgPowdered liquorice root is an effective expectorant, and has been used for this purpose since ancient times, especially in Ayurvedic medicine where it is also used in tooth powders. Modern cough syrups often include liquorice extract as an ingredient. Additionally, liquorice may be useful in conventional and naturopathic medicine for both mouth ulcers. In traditional American herbalism it is used in the Hoxsey anti-cancer formula.
Toxicity Excessive consumption of liquorice or liquorice candy is known to be Toxicity to the liver The Nurse's Guide To Herbal Remedies from Salisbury University and Circulatory system, and may produce hypertension and oedema. A Guide to Medicinal and Aromatic Plants from Purdue University There have been occasional cases where blood pressure has increased with excessive consumption of liquorice tea, but such occasions are rare and reversible when the herb is withdrawn. Subhuti Dharmananda, Ph.D., Safety Issues Affecting Herbs: Herbs that May Increase Blood Pressue, retrieved 24 May 2007 Most cases of hypertension from licorice were caused by overeating concentrated liquorice candy.
Gallery Image:Glycyrrhiza glabra (chip of Spanish wood).jpg|Sliver of licorice rootImage:Glycyrrhiza glabra (Pile of Spanish wood chips).jpg|Various licorice root slivers
Notes
External links
- National Institute of Health - Medline
- PDRhealth.com - Profile of Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice (DGL)
- Chemical & Engineering News article on Licorice
- Non-profit dedicated to promoting licorice
- Offers information and more than 160 licorice products from 13 countries
- Pontefract Liquorice Festival
Welcome To licorice Film
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Licorice Recipes
Licorice Recipes, from the archives of Recipe Ideas ... This collection of Licorice Recipes is brought to you by Recipe-Ideas.co.uk.
MedlinePlus Herbs and Supplements: Licorice ...
Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) and DGL (deglycyrrhizinated licorice) ... The medicinally used part of licorice is the root and dried rhizome of the low-growing shrub Glycyrrhiza ...
Liquorice - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Liquorice (UK) or licorice (US) (see spelling differences) (IPA: /ˈlɪkərɪʃ, ˈlɪkərɪs, ˈlɪkrɪʃ/, or /ˈlɪkrɪs/) is the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra, from which a sweet ...
Magic of Licorice (Liquorice) & Licorice Finder
Information about health, the plant, and the candy. Also, recipes, newsgroups, chats and a search for find licorice products.
Licorice Root--Glycyrrhiza glabra [NCCAM Herbs at a Glance]
This fact sheet provides basic information about licorice root--common names, uses, potential side effects, and resources for more information.
Kiwifruits The New Zealand Shop Chocolate Bars & Licorice
RJs Licorice - Natural 300g No preservatives - No artificial colours or flavours. RJ's famous soft eating licorice. Price: £2.95
Licorice Soul Records: high quality groovy retro reissues on vinyl ...
Licorice Soul Records is a UK-based record label that produces high quality retro reissues of beautiful groovy music from the 1960s and 1970s
Licorice
Licorice. Also listed as: Glycyrrhiza glabra; Spanish licorice; Sweet root. Overview; Plant Description; Medicinal Uses and Indications; What's It Made Of? Available Forms; How to ...